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目的:比较苏州地区甲型流感和乙型流感在流行病学和临床特征的异同。方法:将2015年10月—2016年3月本院收住的96例甲型流感和43例乙型流感患儿资料进行统计,比较分析两者在流行病学、临床表现、实验室检查和预后的差异。结果:住院患儿流感病毒的检出率为11.41%(139/1 218),其中甲型7.88%(96/1 218),乙型3.53%(43/1 218)。2016年1月为甲型流感高峰,2016年3月为乙型流感高峰;甲型流感患儿平均年龄为1.67(1.00~3.67)岁,显著低于乙型流感患儿的3.75(2.42~5.58)岁(P<0.05);发热和咳嗽是流感的主要症状,甲型流感患儿更易出现喘息、气促和三凹征;甲型流感患儿有5例发生呼吸衰竭并接受机械通气,其中2例发生ARDS,1例发生嗜血细胞综合征;乙型流感患儿更易出现声嘶、肌肉疼痛和跛行;甲型和乙型流感入院后影像学均以双侧肺野小斑片影表现为主。结论:甲型和乙型流感的流行呈现一定的周期性和不同的季节性特点,甲型流感更易并发重症肺炎、呼吸衰竭,而乙型流感更易并发肌炎甚至横纹肌溶解,临床需注意识别并早期干预。
Objective: To compare the similarities and differences between epidemiology and clinical features of influenza A and B in Suzhou area. Methods: The data of 96 cases of influenza A and 43 cases of influenza B admitted in our hospital from October 2015 to March 2016 were analyzed. The data of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and Differences in prognosis. Results: The prevalence of influenza virus in hospitalized children was 11.41% (139/1 218), of which 7.88% (96/1 218) in type A and 3.53% (43/1 218) in type B. The peak of influenza A was in January 2016 and the peak of influenza B in March 2016. The average age of children with influenza A was 1.67 (1.00-3.67) years old, which was significantly lower than that of children with influenza B (3.42-2.48 ) (P <0.05). Fever and cough were the main symptoms of influenza. Children with influenza A were more likely to have wheezing, shortness of breath and triple depression. Five children with influenza A had respiratory failure and received mechanical ventilation 2 cases of ARDS occurred, 1 case of hemophilia syndrome; children with influenza B were more prone to hoarseness, muscle pain and claudication; influenza A and B influenza after admission to both lung field patchy images showed the Lord. Conclusion: The prevalence of influenza A and B shows some cyclical and seasonal characteristics. Influenza A is more likely to be associated with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure. Influenza B is more likely to develop myositis and even rhabdomyolysis. Early intervention.