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马家窑文化是甘青地区新石器时期的主流文化,其时空演化和生业模式转变过程的研究取得了较大进展,但其不同发展阶段的地貌环境和水文条件的变化却仍不清晰。本文借助GIS方法和遗址域的概念,采用定量手段分析了马家窑文化不同时期遗址分布的地貌背景和汇水累积量的变化,并以此推论这些不同的地貌环境所反映的土地利用方式及其与生业模式之间的关联。分析结果表明,马家窑文化在不同时期的遗址域内有不同的平地等级和汇水累积量分布,这些指标所反映的土地开发、占用模式与当时的生业模式有很大关系。这项工作为理解不同气候背景下史前人类对生存空间和生业模式的选择机制提供了新的视角。
The Majiayao culture is the mainstream culture in the Gansu-Neolithic period. Great progress has been made in its research on the temporal-spatial evolution and the transformation of the industrial-type mode. However, the changes of the geomorphic environment and hydrological conditions at different stages of development are still unclear. By means of the concept of GIS method and site area, this paper analyzes the change of landform and catchment volume of different sites of Majiayao culture by quantitative methods and deduces the land use patterns reflected by these different landform environments Its association with the business model. The analysis shows that there are different levels of land leveling and catchment accumulation in the site of Majiayao Culture in different periods. The land development and occupation patterns reflected by these indicators are closely related to the current mode of production at that time. This work provides a new perspective for understanding the mechanism by which prehistoric humans chose to live and work in different climates.