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已有研究通过各种认知任务探讨运动对决策能力的作用。尽管现有文献支持急性运动有益于认知功能,但还未明确阐明该现象之下的作用机制。本文回顾了全身运动时用单脉冲经颅磁刺激(TMS)探测运动结构在急性运动时兴奋性的研究,通过一个框架解释急性运动对运动过程的促进作用。近期研究显示,即使在不疲劳的状况下,随着皮质内抑制减弱,皮质脊髓兴奋性会增强,而这通常仅在次极量和力竭运动期间记录到。皮质内抑制减弱会引发一种中枢适应机制来对抗神经末梢疲劳引起的肌肉反应能力逐渐降低。这会导致运动皮质对上游影响更加敏感,从而使皮质脊髓兴奋性提高。此外,皮质内抑制减弱也可以解释运动中下行内驱力更加有效、反应时间表现更佳。通过全面增加网状激活可促进皮质内抑制的适应性调节,进而提高运动中的感觉敏感性。
Research has explored the role of exercise in decision-making through a variety of cognitive tasks. Although existing literature supports that acute exercise is beneficial for cognitive function, the mechanism of action under this phenomenon has not been elucidated yet. This article reviews the study of excitability in acute exercise using single-pulse TMS to detect total body motion, and uses a framework to explain the effects of acute exercise on motor activity. Recent studies have shown that corticospinal cord excitability is enhanced even with no reduction in intracortical suppression, usually recorded only during submaxillary and exhaustive exercise. A decrease in intracortical inhibition will trigger a central adaptation mechanism to counteract the gradual decrease in muscle responsiveness induced by nerve endings. This leads to a motor cortex that is more sensitive to upstream effects, thereby increasing the excitability of the cortical spinal cord. In addition, weakened cortical inhibition can also explain the driving force in the downlink more effective, better response time. By fully increasing reticular activation can promote the adaptive regulation of intracortical inhibition, thereby enhancing the sensory sensitivity during exercise.