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目的描述学龄前儿童贫血状况与分布特征。方法资料来源于“中美预防神经管畸形合作项目”围生保健监测的常规报告及儿童随访研究项目。采用WHO推荐的儿童贫血诊断标准。研究对象为2000年浙江、江苏两省10市64 466名3．5—6．5岁儿童,计算患病率并描述其分布特征。结果贫血患病率为21．39％(13 789／64466,95％CI:21．07—21．71),以轻度贫血为主(占99％以上)。贫血患病率,女童高于男童,5岁后显著高于5岁前,母亲文化程度低、职业为农民及新生儿期为人工喂养儿童贫血患病率较高,单胎与多胎、低出生体重与正常出生体重者的贫血患病率比较,差异无显著性(P >0．05)。结论我国南方学龄前儿童贫血患病率仍处于较高水平,与母亲文化程度、喂养方式等可干预的因素密切关联。
Objective To describe the status and distribution of anemia in preschool children. Methods The data are from the routine report on perinatal health surveillance and the follow-up study of children in the Sino-US Cooperative Prevention Project of Neural Tube Defects. Adopt WHO diagnostic criteria for childhood anemia. The subjects studied were 64 466 children aged 3.5-6.5 in 10 cities of Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces in 2000. The prevalence was calculated and its distribution characteristics were described. Results The prevalence of anemia was 21.39% (13 789/64 466, 95% CI: 21.07-21.71), with mild anemia (accounting for more than 99%). The prevalence of anemia was higher in girls than boys, significantly higher after 5 years of age than before 5 years of age, low levels of mother’s education, high prevalence of anemia among those working for farmer and newborn infants, singleton and multiple births, low There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anemia between birth weight and normal birth weight (P> 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of anemia in preschool children in southern China is still at a high level, which is closely related to the interventional factors such as mother’s education, feeding methods and so on.