变迁的概念变迁是一种普遍现象。变迁过程既有生物形式,又有文化形式。生物变迁过程的显著例子是进化、发展和衰退;而文化变迁则较难理解,这是由于我们尚缺乏足够的时间序列数据。学者们对变迁有各种不同的观点。早期的理论家们(孔德、摩尔根、泰勒以及斯宾塞)都认为变迁就是象生物变迁那样的一种进化过程。这一观点为后 The changing concept of change is a common phenomenon. The process of change has both biological and cultural forms. Notable examples of the process of biological change are evolution, development and decline; cultural changes are harder to understand because we do not yet have enough time-series data. Scholars have different perspectives on change. Early theorists (Comte, Morgan, Taylor, and Spencer) all regarded change as an evolutionary process such as biological change. This view is behind