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目的 观察在食盐中添加钾和钙降低血压偏高青年动脉血压的作用及其对钠代谢的影响。方法 选取年龄 18～ 2 2岁的 2 2 0名血压偏高青年 ,采用随机、单盲、对照的方法分为补充钾钙组110名 (男 5 8名 ,女 5 2名 ) ,对照组 110名 (男 5 6名 ,女 5 4名 ) ,进行为期 2年的补钾补钙干预对照试验。干预组及其共同生活的家庭成员每人每天补充钾和钙各 10mmol,与食盐混合在一起。结果 经2年期试验 ,补钾补钙组夜 12h尿中K+含量为 ( 4 8± 2 3 )mmol,尿Na+含量为 ( 6 2 4± 2 8 2 )mmol;对照组尿K+含量为 ( 7 8± 3 6 )mmol,尿Na+含量为 ( 71 8± 2 7 5 )mmol,两者比较 ,差异有显著意义。补钾补钙组血压较基线平均下降了 5 3/ 1 8mmHg ,对照组血压较基线上升了 1 3 / 1 7mmHg,二者比较收缩压相差 6 6mmHg ,舒张压相差 3 5mmHg。结论 在家庭日常食盐中适量添加钾和钙 ,可促进钠盐的排泄 ,降低血压偏高青年的动脉血压 ,是有效预防青年高血压的重要途径。
Objective To observe the effect of adding potassium and calcium to salt on the lowering of arterial pressure in young people with high blood pressure and its effect on sodium metabolism. Methods Twenty-two youths with high blood pressure between 18 and 22 years old were selected and randomly divided into 110 groups (58 males and 52 females), and the control group 110 (56 males and 54 females) were enrolled in the study. The intervention group and their family members living together were supplemented with 10 mmol of potassium and calcium per person daily and mixed with salt. Results The 2-year trial showed that the urinary K + content was (48 ± 23) mmol and the urinary Na + content was (62 4 ± 2 8 2) mmol. The urinary K + content in the control group was ( 7 8 ± 3 6) mmol, urinary Na + content was (71 8 ± 2 7 5) mmol, the difference between them was significant. Compared with the baseline, the blood pressure in the potassium supplement group decreased by 5 3/1 8mmHg on average and that in the control group increased by 1 1/3 / 1 7mmHg compared with the baseline. The difference in systolic blood pressure was 6 6mmHg, and the diastolic blood pressure was 3 5mmHg. Conclusion Appropriate amount of potassium and calcium added to daily salt in family can promote the excretion of sodium salt and lower the arterial blood pressure in young people with high blood pressure, which is an important way to prevent young hypertension effectively.