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纸质文物保护处理方法的选择取决于对纸张本身材质、制作工艺、保存状况及劣变原因的了解。本文对一本劣变严重的清代档案,通过显微镜和扫描电镜观察、成分分析、pH值测定、及冷、热抽提试验,进行了科学分析研究。结果表明,档案纸张的纤维为稻草和青檀皮,其pH值偏碱性,纸浆曾经过石灰沤煮并且在抄造过程中使用了加填技术。档案纸张老化主要是因为水的影响,还有霉菌的侵蚀破坏。档案纸张的冷、热抽取物的溶解度远高于新纸,表明保存状况比较差。
The choice of paper heritage conservation treatment depends on the material itself, the production process, preservation and deterioration of the reasons for understanding. In this paper, a serious deterioration of the file in the Qing Dynasty, through the microscope and scanning electron microscopy, composition analysis, pH determination, and cold and heat extraction tests conducted scientific analysis. The results showed that the fibers of the dossier were straw and bark, the pH was alkaline, the pulp had been boiled with lime, and the filling technique was used in the papermaking process. Archival aging is mainly due to the impact of water, as well as the erosion of mold damage. The solubility of the cold and hot extract of archival paper is much higher than that of fresh paper, indicating poor preservation.