Enhanced Upconversion Emissions of TiO2∶Yb3+/Tm3+Nanocrystals:Comparison with Different Effects of L

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Codoping with Mn+ ions (Mn+ =Li+,Mn2+ and Cu2+) enhanced the blue and red upconversion (UC)emissions in TiO2∶Yb3+/Tm3+ nanocrystals under 980 nm excitation.The different effects of Li+,Mn2+ and Cu2+ions on the phase structures,morphologies and optical characteristics of TiO2∶Yb3+/Tm3+ were discussed.The minor shifting in the diffraction peaks at 25.2° was observed for TiO2∶Yb3+/Tm3+/Li+,and adding Mn2+ ions remained almost the same position of diffraction peaks,while the introduction of Cu2+ ions resulted in the shift of the diffraction peaks towards the larger angles.TiO2∶Yb3+/Tm3+/Li+ and TiO2∶Yb3+/Tm3+/Mn2+ nanosheets and the sphere-like TiO2∶Yb3+/Tm3+/Cu2+ were observed.The mechanisms for increased UC emissions caused by adding Li+,Mn2+ and Cu2+ ions were attributed to the tailored local environment around Tm3+ ions,efficient energy transition between Mn2+-Yb3+ dimer and Tm3+ ions,and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Cu2+ions,respectively.
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