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基础阶段是非汉字文化圈学习者汉字学习的关键时期,这一阶段的教材编写过程中应当在汉字的数量及字目方面有所选择和侧重。根据目前已有的汉字统计字表可以认定,覆盖汉语语料80%左右的500个汉字可以作为基础阶段对外汉语教材汉字教学的“核心字”。同时,结合汉字的频度高低、能否独立成词、构词能力强弱、笔画数与部件的难易程度以及是否满足日常交际功能需要等方面的考虑,选出基础阶段对外汉语教材应该重点学习的500个常用汉字,以期留学生尽快摆脱汉字瓶颈,顺利实现对汉字的认知机制。
The basic stage is a crucial period for learners of non-Chinese characters to learn Chinese characters. During the course of compiling this textbook, there should be choices and emphasis on the number and type of Chinese characters. According to the statistics table of existing Chinese characters, it can be concluded that 500 Chinese characters covering about 80% of Chinese corpus can be used as the “core word” for teaching Chinese as a foreign language in the basic stage. At the same time, we should focus on the frequency of Chinese characters, the ability to form words independently, the ability of word-formation, the ease of strokes and components, and whether to meet the needs of daily communicative functions. Learn 500 commonly used Chinese characters, with a view to students as soon as possible to get rid of the bottleneck of Chinese characters, the smooth realization of cognitive mechanism of Chinese characters.