目的 探讨中国蒙古人种北亚类型、南亚类型、东亚类型的体型特点以及它们之间体型的主要差异.方法 采用Heath-Carter法,对中国蒙古人种29个族群中南亚、北亚、东亚类型的体型特点进行比较,采用主成分分析方法对南亚类型、北亚类型的体型差异原因进行了分析.结果 中国北亚类型男性族群主要为偏内胚层的中胚层体型,南亚类型男性族群主要为中胚层体型,东亚类型男性族群体型彼此差异较大.中国北亚类型女性族群主要为偏中胚层的内胚层体型,南亚类型女性族群主要为偏内胚层的中胚层体型,东亚类型女性族群为偏中胚层的内胚层体型.东亚类型族群型比较接近于北亚类型族群,而与南亚类型族群体型差距较大.主成分分析显示,中国南亚类型男性族群与北亚类型男性族群体型差异主要区别在外因子值的大小,其次是内因子值的差异.中国南亚类型女性族群与北亚类型女性族群体型的主要区别在内因子值的大小.结论 北亚类型族群内因子值大于南亚类型族群,外因子值小于南亚类型族群.“,”Objective To analyze the characteristics of somatotypes of South Asian type, North Asian type and East Asian type, and to compare the main differences among them. Methods The characteristics of somatotypes among South Asian type, North Asian type and East Asian type in 29 Chinese Mongolian ethnic groups were compared by using the Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype. The reasons for differences of South Asian type were that North Asian type were analyzed by using principal component analysis. Results The male groups of North Asian type were endomorphic mesomorph and the South Asian types were balanced mesomorph, while the East Asian types differed greatly from each other.The female groups of North Asian types and the East Asian types were mesomorphic endomorph and the South Asian types were endomorphic mesomorph. The somatotypes of East Asian types were similar to North Asian types but were greatly different from South Asian types.Principal components analysis showed that the main differences between South and North of male groups lied first in ectomorphy and then in endomorphy.The differences between female groups of South and North were mainly on endomorphy. Conclusion The ethnic group of North Asian type is higher than South Asian type in endomorphy but lower in ectomorphy.