水资源具有自然属性和经济属性这两个基本性质,又属于准公共产品,具有较大的外部性。在对水资源进行配置的过程中必然会面临公平与效率两难的抉择。只有通过政府宏观调控和市场机制相结合的方式进行水资源配置,以及社会公众的广泛参与,坚持公平与效率的统一,才能实现水资源的可持续发展。 Water resources have two basic properties: natural property and economic property. They belong to quasi-public goods and have great externalities. In the process of allocating water resources, we will inevitably face the dilemma of fairness and efficiency. Only through the combination of government macroeconomic regulation and market mechanism and water resources allocation, as well as the extensive participation of the public, and the unification of fairness and efficiency can we achieve the sustainable development of water resources.