一、重新落实体制改革的必要前提 长江航运体制改革的必要前提未能具体落实,是改革不能继续深入的主要原因,必须重新认真落实。 一要落实“长江干线千口国家计划开发的重要支流应列为国家航道,由国家统一规划建设”的政策,通过立法确定从国家和地方财政收入有固定比例的资金用于航道建设。在“九五”、“十五”期间,干线航道投入不少于两条平行铁路需要投入的资金。为确保航道正常维护,避免发生象1995年初碾子湾航道阻塞造成重大经济损失的类似问题,除养河费之外,国家应明令从各轮船公司向地方缴纳的营税中抽出50％用于航道维护。 二要多层次、多元化筹集港口建设资金,使基础设施建设与维护有稳定来源。将港口基础设施分为基础设施和装卸设施两部分。基础设施和装卸设施所需建设资金分别由政府、港口企业出资和筹集。 发挥中央和地方的两个积极性。政府出资与筹集的港口基础设施建设资金,分为国务院交通主管部门和地方政府两个部分,地方政府分别由省(市)、地(市)、县(市)政府的资金组成。长江重点港口,用于跨省区干线运输和对国计民生有重要影响与作用的港口,以国务院交通主管部门出资为主,地方政府为辅。为主是对基础设施建设所需主要设施的货币资金投入,为辅是以土地、征地拆迁、港区外公路、 I. Necessary Premises to Re-implement the System Reform The necessary preconditions for the reform of the Yangtze River shipping system can not be implemented in concrete terms. This is the main reason why the reform can not continue its in-depth development and must be seriously implemented. First, it is necessary to implement the policy of “making important tributaries of the 1,000-strong planned development of the Yangtze River trunk a national shipping channel and planning and building by the state as a whole.” We must legislate to establish a fixed percentage of the revenue from state and local revenues for the construction of watercourses. During the “Ninth Five-year” and “Tenth Five-year Plan” periods, the main channel should not be less than the capital invested in two parallel railways. In order to ensure the normal maintenance of waterway and avoid the similar problems caused by significant economic losses such as the blockage of Niaizizhan Bay at the beginning of 1995, in addition to the cost of fish farming, the State shall explicitly require that 50% of the tax paid locally to the shipping companies should be withdrawn for waterway maintain. Second, we must raise funds for port construction at various levels and diversify so that there is a steady source of infrastructure construction and maintenance. The port infrastructure is divided into infrastructure and loading and unloading facilities in two parts. Infrastructure and loading and unloading facilities required for construction funds by the government, port enterprises to finance and raise. Give play to the two initiatives of the central government and local governments. The funds for the construction of port infrastructure financed and financed by the government are divided into two parts: the transportation department under the State Council and the local government, which are funded by the governments of provinces (cities), prefectures (cities) and counties (cities) respectively. The key ports of the Yangtze River are ports for cross-provincial trunk line transportation and important impacts and functions for national economy and people’s livelihood. Funding mainly by the transportation department under the State Council and supplemented by local governments. Mainly on the infrastructure required for the construction of major facilities of monetary funds, supplemented by land, land acquisition and demolition, outside the port road,