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【目的】分析海拔环境差异对水稻雌配子体基因型选择及其对后代表型遗传分化的影响,为研究植物表型对海拔环境的遗传响应及利用海拔差异进行雌配子体选择育种的方法提供理论参考。【方法】利用2个滇1型细胞质雄性不育系与耐寒粳稻地方老品种杂交,在4个具有明显海拔背景差异的试验点构建并种植了7个水稻F1雌配子体基因型选择群体及其28个F2遗传分离群体,通过估算这些世代群体的形态性状差异来检测不同海拔条件对雌配子体基因型频率变化和后代表型遗传分化的影响。【结果】对F1雌配子体基因型选择群体的形态性状分析发现,在4个不同海拔点都检测到8个性状发生了偏分离,说明海拔背景差异对F1雌配子体基因型具有选择作用,且在2 200和400 m两种海拔环境的影响都大于海拔1 860和1 250 m;产生于海拔1 860 m群体的形态性状多样性指数最大,据此随产生海拔的升高和降低,其多样性指数均减小;差异性比较显示产生于2 200 m高海拔的群体几乎与其他3个海拔产生的群体在所有性状上的差异都达显著水平。对种植于不同海拔环境的28个F2遗传分离群体的形态性状分析,结果显示海拔差异导致的雌配子体基因型选择影响其F2群体的表型遗传分化,且产生海拔差异越大,其后代表型分化就越明显。经2 200和400 m选择过的分离群体,在7个性状上检测出21处差异达显著水平;经1 860和1 250 m选择过的分离群体,仅在3个性状上检测出6处差异达显著水平。总体变化趋势是,经高海拔2 200 m选择的群体,种植在不同海拔表现结实率高、整体生长势较差,而经低海拔400 m选择的群体的性状表现与高海拔的相反,经中海拔1 860和1 250 m选择过的群体表现多居于高、低海拔之间,但群体形态性状多样性指数较大。【结论】海拔环境差异对水稻F1雌配子体基因型具有选择作用,进而影响其后代的表型遗传分化,形成对不同海拔环境条件的生态适应性,这意味着利用海拔背景差异进行雌配子体选择育种的方法是可行的。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of altitude on the genotypes of female gametes and the genetic differentiation of their progenies in rice. It provides a theoretical reference for studying the genetic responses of plant phenotypes to altitude and the method of selective selection of female gametophytes using the difference in altitude . 【Method】 Two crosses between two Dian-1 type cytoplasmic male sterile lines and local cold-tolerant japonica rice were conducted. Seven selected F1 female gametophyte genotypes were constructed and planted at four test sites with obvious background difference in altitude. F2 genetic segregation population. The effects of different altitude conditions on the genotype frequencies of the female gametes genotypes and the post-phenotypic genetic differentiation were tested by estimating the morphological traits differences of these generations. 【Result】 Morphological traits analysis of F1 female gametophyte genotypes showed that 8 traits were segregated at 4 different altitudes, indicating that the difference of background of the altitude has a selective effect on F1 female gametophyte genotype. The effects of two 200 200 and 400 m altitudes were greater than those of 1860 and 1250 m above sea level. The morphological diversity index of 1860 m above sea level was the highest, with the increase and decrease of altitude, the diversity The differences between the two groups showed that all the traits produced by the populations at 2 200 m altitude were almost the same as those at the other 3 altitudes. The morphological traits of 28 F 2 genetic segregating populations planted at different altitudes showed that the genotypic selection of female gametes genotypes resulted from the difference in altitude affected the phenotypic differentiation of F2 populations and the greater the difference in altitude was and the subsequent representative phenotype The more obvious the differentiation. There were 21 significant differences detected in 7 traits between 2 200 and 400 m segregating populations. Six segregations were detected in only 3 traits Reached a significant level. The overall trend of change was that in the groups of 2 200 m above sea level, the planting showed high seed setting rate and poor overall growth potential at different altitudes, while the trait selected by the low altitude 400 m was opposite to the high altitude. The population selected at 1860 and 1250 m above sea level lived mostly in high and low altitudes, but the diversity index of population morphological traits was larger. 【Conclusion】 The difference in altitude can have a role in the genotypic selection of female gametes in rice F1 and further affect the phenotypic differentiation of their offspring, resulting in the ecological adaptability to environmental conditions at different altitudes, which means that the selection of female gametophyte The method is feasible.