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扬·阿尔贝是当代西方非自然叙事学阵营中最为活跃、最有建树的理论家之一。尽管受到布莱恩·理查森的激发和影响,但阿尔贝无论在非自然叙事的概念界定、特征描述还是在阐释策略方面都与理查森有着明显的不同。在概念层面上,阿尔贝把非自然叙事界定为物理上、逻辑上、人类属性上不可能的场景与事件;在特征描述上,他主要聚焦于非自然的叙述者、非自然的人物、非自然的时间和非自然的空间;在阐释策略上,他倡导以认知方法为导向的自然化解读策略。本文在评述阿尔贝非自然叙事学理论的基础上,有针对性地指出:关于非自然叙事的界定与判断至少涉及“程度”与“层面”两个问题,而对非自然叙事特征的考察需要扩大至更多的类别与内容,如非自然的聚焦、非自然的心理以及非自然的情感等;在非自然叙事的批评实践上,所谓的自然化解读与非自然化解读不是“非此即彼”的关系,而是一种“两者皆可”的选择,即我们应该在有效保留非自然叙事之“非自然性”的同时对其做出合理的阐释。
Jan Albert is one of the most active and accomplished theorists in the camp of contemporary Western unnatural narratology. Despite being inspired and influenced by Bryan Richardson, Albert differs significantly from Richardson in terms of the conceptual definition of unnatural narratives, characterization, and tactics. At the conceptual level, Albert defines non-natural narrative as scenes and events that are impossible in physics, logic and humanity. In his description of character, he mainly focuses on non-natural narrators, unnatural persons, non-natural persons Natural time and unnatural space; in interpreting the strategy, he advocates a naturalized reading strategy guided by the cognitive method. Based on the review of Albert’s non-natural narratology theory, this article points out that the definition and judgment of unnatural narration involve at least two issues of “degree” and “level”, while the unnatural narration The study of features needs to be expanded to more categories and contents, such as unnatural focus, unnatural psychology and unnatural emotions; in the non-natural narrative criticism practice, the so-called naturalized interpretation and unnatural interpretation are not “Not the same ” relationship, but a “both can ” choice, that is, we should be effective in retaining unnatural narrative “unnaturalness ” at the same time to make it reasonable Interpretation.