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一、《乌托邦》和乌托邦是近代社会主义思想的源头在社会主义思想史的语境中,1516年托马斯·莫尔《乌托邦》一书的发表被视为近代社会主义思想诞生的标志。这主要可以从三个方面来理解。首先,《乌托邦》提供了后人研究资本主义早期发迹史的珍贵文献资料和启发工人阶级觉悟的宝贵思想材料。历史地看,《乌托邦》对英国乃至欧洲现实的批判,不仅是对封建专制的批判,而且是对处于萌芽状态的资产阶级早期发迹史的批判,是对尚处于胚胎形式的资本主义私有制的否定。资本主义替代封建主义是历史的进步,但这种进步是以沉重的社会代价换来的。无论是个人的
I. “Utopia” and Utopia are Sources of Modern Socialist Thought In the context of the history of socialist ideas, the publication of Thomas Mor “Utopia” in 1516 is regarded as a sign of the birth of modern socialist thought. This can mainly be understood from three aspects. First of all, Utopia provides precious literature and materials for future generations to study the early history of the capitalist fortunes and valuable intellectual materials that inspire the working-class consciousness. Historically, the critique of the “utopian” reality of Britain and even Europe was not only a critique of the feudal autocracy but also a critique of the early history of the bourgeoisie in its infancy and a rejection of the capitalist private ownership still in embryonic form . Capitalist alternative feudalism is a historical improvement, but such progress is made at a heavy social cost. No matter personal