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后福柯、后德勒兹和后德里达时代的法国哲学界普遍流行这样一种论调:21世纪法国哲学的趋势是主体和人本主义的回归,是伦理学唱主角的时代。法国的“新哲学家”~[1]尤其推崇这种论调。其实,法国哲学界公认的“伦理时代”要回溯到20世纪上半叶。其间涌现出一大批决定当代法国哲学发展方向的哲学、伦理学家,其中的杰出代表之一就是本文要向读者评介的哲学家、伦理学家、教育家和极有建树的散文家阿兰(Emile Chartier Alain,1868-1951)。从成为法国著名哲学、伦理学家拉尼奥(Jules
Post-Foucault, post-Deleuze and post-Derrida era of French philosophical popular such an argument: the trend of French philosophy in the 21st century is the return of subject and humanism, is the era of ethics play a leading role. In particular, France’s “new philosophers” [1] respected this argument. Actually, the “ethical era” recognized by the French philosophical circle goes back to the first half of the 20th century. During this period, a large number of philosophers and ethicists who decide the direction of the development of contemporary French philosophy emerged. One of the outstanding representatives is the philosopher, ethicist, educator and eminent essayist Emile Chartier Alain, 1868-1951). From becoming a famous French philosopher, ethicist Ranio (Jules