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目的考察人机界面上常用的数字符号与图形符号在工作记忆中的保持过程,分析两种保持机制:复述与刷新的功能差异。方法通过比较语音抑制和音高辨别两种干扰条件下的符号保持过程,分析两种保持机制对短时记忆和长时记忆的独立影响。结果 1)语音抑制次任务对数字符号的复述过程产生了较大的抑制;2)音高辨别次任务对图形符号和数字符号的刷新过程产生了较大的抑制;3)图形符号的长时记忆再认分数显著高于数字符号的长时记忆再认分数;4)数字符号的刷新过程亦可促进长时记忆效率。结论复述与刷新是不同的保持过程,刷新所需注意资源多于复述;刷新过程可以有效促进长时记忆效率。
Aim To investigate the maintenance process of digital symbols and graphical symbols commonly used in human-machine interface in working memory, and to analyze two kinds of maintenance mechanisms: the functional differences of retelling and refreshing. Methods By comparing the symbol preservation process under the two kinds of interference conditions, such as speech suppression and pitch discrimination, the independent effects of the two retention mechanisms on short-term memory and long-term memory are analyzed. Results 1) The sub-task of speech suppression has a greater inhibition on the repetition process of the digital symbols; 2) The sub-task of pitch discrimination has a greater inhibition on the refresh process of the graphic symbols and the digital symbols; 3) Memory re-recognition scores were significantly higher than the number of long-term memory re-admission marks; 4) digital symbol refresh process can also promote long-term memory efficiency. Conclusion Paraphrasing and refreshing are different maintaining processes, and refreshing requires more attention resources than repetition; the refreshing process can effectively promote long-term memory efficiency.