论文部分内容阅读
前言发源于二次大战期前的有机氯杀虫剂,曾作为防治卫生用主角达20余年之久。这是由于这类化合物价廉易得、杀虫高效广谱、残效期长、对防治传染人畜疾疫的多种昆虫、具有前所未有的卓效。特别是在50～60年代DDT的广泛使用,曾使世界不少地区的疟疾发病突降,一度引起蚊害可以较快地基本消除的乐观估计。但在进入70年代以后,害虫对这些化合物抗药性的迅速增加,和它们在环境中的长期蓄积、并造成严重污染,使得有机氯杀虫剂正在被有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯等取代。到目前为止,虽然DDT还在部分疟疾流行地区使用,但是有机氯类杀虫剂的黄金时代,已一去不复返了。
Foreword Originated in the World War II organochlorine pesticides, used as the protagonist of health control for more than 20 years. This is because these compounds are cheap, easily available, insecticidal and efficient broad spectrum, long residual period, the prevention and control of infectious diseases of humans and animals a variety of insects, with an unprecedented Zhuoxue. The widespread use of DDT in the 1950s and 1960s, in particular, led to a sudden drop in the incidence of malaria in many parts of the world, which once led to an optimistic estimate that mosquito can be eliminated almost rapidly. However, after the 1970s, the rapid increase in the resistance of pests to these compounds and their long-term accumulation in the environment have resulted in serious pollution, causing the organochlorine pesticides to be contaminated with organic phosphorus, carbamates, pyrethroids Esters and the like. To date, although the DDT is still used in some malaria-endemic areas, the golden age of organochlorine pesticides is gone.