Trying理论主张行动者的努力尝试是所有行动的要件,且它就是行动本身。在当代行动哲学中,洪恩斯比与戴维森之间围绕Trying理论的争论,体现为对维特根斯坦“剩余项”问题的不同解答。然而洪恩斯比与戴维森的理解都不能令人满意。维特根斯坦所关心的是,不能由于意志论的直觉而陷入以因果机制类比意志作用的幻象;行动本质上区别于被动遭受的事件,但这不是两类因果作用的分野,而是两种语言游戏的差异。 Trying theory argues that an attempt by an actor is an essential element of all actions and that it is the act itself. In contemporary philosophy of action, the controversy surrounding Trying’s theory between Hunnsby and Davidson reflects different answers to the question of Wittgenstein’s “remaining items.” However, neither Hunsby nor Davidson’s understanding was satisfactory. What Wittgenstein is concerned about is that we can not get caught up in the illusion of the analogy of causal mechanisms due to volitional intuition; the actions are essentially different from the ones that passively suffer, but this is not the dividing line between the two types of causation but the two languages Differences in the game.