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以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为基体,微米级和纳米级Sb2O3为阻燃剂,采用熔融共混的方法制备了Sb2O3/PVC复合材料。分别利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)对复合材料和燃烧产物的形貌进行表征,通过极限氧指数仪(LOI)和垂直燃烧实验对复合材料的阻燃性能进行了研究。结果表明:与纯PVC相比,Sb2O3/PVC复合材料能够形成有效的Sb-Cl阻燃体系,对软质PVC塑料的阻燃性能有明显的提升;相比于微米Sb2O3,纳米Sb2O3由于其粒径的优势,使其与PVC基体的相容性更好,同时增大了燃烧区Sb2O3分解反应的平衡常数,生成了更多的Sb Cl3和Sb OCl,相应的也促进了气相中活性自由基捕获反应的进行,从而使得燃烧更容易被终止;纳米Sb2O3与PVC的质量比为1.85∶100时,Sb2O3/PVC复合材料可达到难燃级别,氧指数和UL-94等级分别为27.1%和V-1级;而微米Sb2O3与PVC的质量比为3∶100时,Sb2O3/PVC复合材料才可达到难燃级别。
Using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as matrix, micron and nanoscale Sb2O3 as flame retardants, Sb2O3 / PVC composites were prepared by melt blending. The morphology of the composite and the combustion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) respectively. The flame retardancy of the composites was tested by the limit oxygen index (LOI) Study. The results show that compared with pure PVC, Sb2O3 / PVC composites can form an effective Sb-Cl flame retardant system, which can obviously improve the flame retardancy of flexible PVC plastic. Compared with pure Sb2O3, Sb2O3 / Diameter, making it more compatible with the PVC matrix, while increasing the equilibrium constant of the decomposition reaction of Sb2O3 in the combustion zone, generating more SbCl3 and SbClCl, correspondingly also promoted the active radical The reaction of Sb2O3 / PVC composites can reach the flame retardancy level, the oxygen index and UL-94 grade are 27.1% and V -1 level; while the mass ratio of Sb2O3 to PVC is 3: 100, Sb2O3 / PVC composites can reach the flame retardant level.