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人道主义包含历史观和伦理道德规范两方面的含义。作为一种历史观,青年马克思的人道主义历史观集中表现在人的劳动异化论上,这是唯心主义历史观。作为一种伦理道德规范,青年马克思在其著作中表达了他的人道主义的价值关怀。但是这种建立在唯心史观基础上的人道主义价值追求是不可能实现的。《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》和《德意志意识形态》标志着马克思实现了从唯心史观向唯物史观的转变。同时,马克思将作为伦理道德规范的人道主义思想置于唯物史观的坚实基地上,从而为处理社会生活和人际关系的人道主义原则的实现提供了现实可能性。
Humanitarianism contains both the concept of history and ethics. As a kind of historical view, the young Marx’s view of humanitarian history is concentrated on the theory of human alienation of labor, which is an idealistic view of history. As an ethical code, Young Marx expresses his humanitarian values in his writings. However, this pursuit of humanitarian value based on the idealist concept of history can not be achieved. “Theses on Feuerbach” and “German Ideology” mark the transformation of Marx from idealist historical materialism to historical materialism. In the meantime, Marx placed the humanitarianism, as a moral standard of ethics, on a solid base of historical materialism and thus provided a realistic possibility for the realization of the humanitarian principles governing social life and human relations.