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黄土高原大规模的生态恢复必将对水土流失区的生态环境产生深刻影响,其流域尺度的水文效应对理解生态环境响应尤其重要。通过对延安燕沟流域1998-2010年的生态系统恢复进程及其流域水沙变化过程耦合分析表明:燕沟流域治理后径流泥沙发生了深刻变化,尽管流域总径流仍随降雨波动,但洪水径流显著减少,径流中泥沙含量迅速减少,总输沙进一步减少。这种变化趋势与流域进行的治理措施、治理阶段吻合;梯田、坝地等工程措施使得流域径流显著减少,林草植被恢复使得径流减少的同时,径流含沙率减少幅度更大。工程措施配以植被措施基本可以做到泥不出沟。因此,黄土丘陵区治理流域应该生物措施与工程措施并重,达到控制水土流失的目的。
The large-scale ecological restoration in the Loess Plateau will have a profound impact on the ecological environment in the soil and water loss areas. The hydrological effects at the basin scale are particularly important for understanding the ecological environment. Through the coupling analysis of the process of ecosystem restoration and the change process of sediment and runoff in Yan’an Yancou Basin from 1998 to 2010, it shows that the sediment runoff in Yancun catchment has undergone profound changes. Although the total runoff fluctuates with rainfall, the flood The runoff is significantly reduced, the sediment content in runoff is rapidly reduced, and the total sediment transport is further reduced. This change trend is consistent with the control measures and governance stages of the watershed. Engineering measures such as terrace and dam make the runoff of the watershed significantly reduce. When the grass and vegetation restoration makes the runoff decrease, the runoff sedimentation rate decreases more greatly. Engineering measures accompanied by vegetation can basically do muddy ditch. Therefore, the management of watersheds in the loess hilly region should take equal measures of biological and engineering measures to achieve the purpose of controlling soil and water loss.