扫描式电子显微镜(SEM)可取得三维空间形象,借助它能观察细胞外形及表面结构,获得立体图像,而且焦深长便于观察。在生物医学领域中,SEM是较早被引用到血液学研究范畴的。1966年Hayes等首先应用SEM观察红细胞的形态,1968年Clarke等报道了SEM下白细胞的表面超微结构。但是,早期的研究由于标本制备技术不够完善,对细胞产生损伤,白细胞表面纤细娇弱的微突起不能清晰地显现。对红细胞的影响小些,因其表面较光滑。1972年Boyde和Porter等分别报道了临界点和冰冻干燥技术在SEM标本制备中的应用,在很大程度上克服了细胞的人工变形问题。随 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to obtain a three-dimensional image of the sky, with its help to observe the cell shape and surface structure, to obtain three-dimensional images, and depth of focus for easy observation. In the field of biomedicine, SEM was cited earlier in the field of hematology. In 1966, Hayes et al first applied SEM to observe the morphology of erythrocytes. In 1968, Clarke et al. Reported the surface ultrastructure of leucocytes in SEM. However, in the earlier studies, due to imperfections in specimen preparation technology and cell damage, the delicate and delicate microprojections on the surface of white blood cells could not be clearly seen. The impact on the red blood cells smaller, because of its more smooth surface. In 1972 Boyde and Porter, respectively, reported the critical point and freeze-drying technology in SEM specimen preparation application, to a large extent overcome the cell deformation problems. With