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个体化取向是基于西方现代化进程而产生的社会工作价值,强调在推动完善制度保障的前提下发展个人权利与潜能。在中国本土化实践中,由于家庭在社会结构中的重要地位和家文化的作用,以及制度之网的缺失,社会工作呈现出家庭为本的行动策略。家庭关系不但被认为是个体发展所依赖的首要资源,也被当成社会工作的目的本身。个人的权利和意愿往往被置于家庭利益之下。社会工作的本土化策略使服务成效、职业认同和职业地位等方面受到限制。这就需要立足现代化,推动制度建设和文化变迁,对本土化社会工作进行逐步的乃至根本的超越。
Individualization is based on the value of social work arising from the process of modernization in the West and emphasizes the development of individual rights and potential under the precondition of promoting perfection of system guarantee. In China’s localization practice, due to the important role of the family in the social structure and the role of the family culture, as well as the lack of a system of networks, social work has shown a family-oriented strategy of action. Family relations are not only considered as the primary resource on which individual development depends, but also as the object of social work itself. Individuals’ rights and wishes are often placed in the family’s interest. The localization strategy of social work has limited the effectiveness of services, professional identity and occupational status. This needs to be based on modernization, to promote institutional construction and cultural changes, and to gradually or substantially surpass the localization of social work.