小儿颈椎尚处于发育阶段,其解剖结构和生物力学特点随着发育进程呈现动态变化。因此,小儿颈椎在遭受外伤时无论损伤机制、临床表现及外科治疗策略均与成人有所不同,甚至不同年龄组的小儿之间也有所差别,这为小儿颈椎外伤后的诊治带来了挑战。本文从小儿颈椎解剖、影像学、临床表现及治疗策略四个方面进行了文献回顾。 Pediatric cervical spine is still in the developmental stage, its anatomical structure and biomechanical characteristics with the development process showed a dynamic change. Therefore, pediatric cervical spine in trauma suffered regardless of injury mechanism, clinical manifestations and surgical treatment strategies are different with adults, and even children of different age groups are also different, which pediatric traumatic diagnosis and treatment poses a challenge. This article reviews pediatric cervical spine anatomy, imaging, clinical manifestations and treatment strategies in four aspects.