结构主义与汉语研究的关系可能始于20世纪30年代初现代汉语修辞学创立阶段,而不是30年代末的“中国文法革新讨论”时期。在很长一段时间里,由于种种原因,结构主义与汉语修辞学之间的关系是复杂的、隐晦的。本文仅以陈望道、张弓、王希杰这三位受结构主义影响较深的修辞学家为例,梳理结构主义与现代汉语修辞学之间的关系,彰显前者给后者带来的影响,还历史本来面目。 The relationship between structuralism and Chinese studies may start with the founding phase of modern Chinese rhetoric in the early 1930s rather than the “discussion of the reform of Chinese grammar” in the late 1930s. For a long time, due to various reasons, the relationship between structuralism and Chinese rhetoric is complex and obscure. This article only takes the three rhetoricians who are deeply influenced by structuralism, such as Chen Wangdao, Zhang Gong and Wang Xi Jie, for example, combing the relationship between structuralism and modern Chinese rhetoric, showing the influence of the former to the latter, face.