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目的了解深圳市某街道企业苯、甲苯和二甲苯(“三苯”)污染情况,为“三苯”的职业病防治提供依据。方法收集2009—2013年深圳市某街道工作场所“三苯”检测结果及152份常见有机溶剂挥发性组分分析数据,并进行统计学分析。结果五年间,工作场所空气中苯浓度超标率最高为0.86%,检出率最低为1.26%,最高为5.94%,其超标率和检出率有逐年降低趋势(趋势χ2=15.80、45.32,P<0.01);甲苯的超标率最高为5.71%,检出率最低为21.34%,最高为69.01%,其超标率和检出率有逐年降低趋势(趋势χ2=26.69、713.16,P<0.01);二甲苯超标率最高为1.40%,检出率最低为9.17%,最高为35.14%,其检出率有逐年降低趋势(趋势χ2=317.04,P<0.05)。152份有机溶剂中苯、甲苯和二甲苯的检出率分别为2.63%、46.71%和37.50%。结论工作场所“三苯”污染已基本得到了控制,但仍需继续加强对溶剂苯的监控。
Objective To understand the pollution of benzene, toluene and xylene (“triphenyl”) in a street enterprise in Shenzhen, and provide the basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in “Triphenyl ”. Methods The data of “triphenyl” test in a street in Shenzhen in 2009-2013 and the volatile components of 152 common organic solvents were collected and analyzed statistically. Results In the five years, the highest benzene concentration in the workplace was 0.86%, the lowest detection rate was 1.26% and the highest was 5.94%. The over and under detection rates were decreasing year by year (trend χ2 = 15.80,45.32, P <0.01). The highest rate of over-standard toluene was 5.71%, the lowest rate of detection was 21.34% and the highest was 69.01%. The over-standard rate and the detected rate decreased year by year (trend χ2 = 26.69,713.16, P <0.01). Xylene exceeded the highest rate of 1.40%, the lowest detection rate was 9.17%, the highest was 35.14%, the detection rate decreased year by year (trend χ2 = 317.04, P <0.05). The detection rates of benzene, toluene and xylene in 152 organic solvents were 2.63%, 46.71% and 37.50% respectively. Conclusion The workplace “triphenyl ” pollution has been basically controlled, but the monitoring of solvent benzene still needs to be strengthened.