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优先权制度的存废取舍和立法定位与其性质界定密切相关。传统理论对优先权性质的研究存在诸多问题。通过追溯优先权制度的产生根源,规范优先权制度的研究方法,质疑优先权性质的传统观点,界定优先权制度的理论内涵,分析优先权的特征和功能,可以看出优先权既不是物权或担保物权,也不是债权或特种债权,更不是一种简单的顺序或程序权利,其实际上是法律依据特定社会公共政策创设的一种保障固有权的救济权。这种工具性、技术性、救济性权利,具备形成权的基本特征,应属救济权中的形成权。因此,我国应在民法总则中设立“民事权利”专章,在其“救济权”一节中依法确立救济权性质的优先权制度。
The choice of deposit and withdrawal of priority system and its legislative position are closely related to the definition of its nature. The traditional theory of priority nature of the study there are many problems. By tracing the origins of the priority system, standardizing the research methods of the priority system, questioning the traditional viewpoints of the priority nature, defining the theoretical content of the priority system and analyzing the features and functions of the priority, we can see that the priority is neither a property Or security rights, nor claims or special claims, nor is it a simple order or procedural right, which is actually a right of relief that is created by law based on a specific social public policy to protect the inherent rights. This kind of instrumental, technical and relief rights, with the basic characteristics of the right to form, should be the right of formation in the right to relief. Therefore, our country should set up a special chapter on “civil rights” in the general provisions of civil law and establish the priority right system of relief rights according to law in the section entitled “Right of Relief”.