关于科学发现优先权问题的争论由来已久,通过对科学史上一些著名的科学发现优先权之争的案例分析,本文以牛顿与莱布尼茨之间关于微积分的发明权的论争为例,来剖析优先权之争的本质,乃至引发优先权之争的社会因素以及马太效应在科学领域之中产生的影响。 The controversy over the priority of scientific discovery has existed for a long time. Through the case analysis of some prominent disputes over scientific discovery priority in the history of science, this paper takes the debate on the invention right of Calculus between Newton and Leibniz as an example, To analyze the essence of the priority dispute and even the social factors that triggered the priority dispute and the influence of the Matthew Effect in the field of science.