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阐述了非共价键改性在碳纳米管功能化方面的应用进展,详细介绍了表面活性剂修饰、小分子的π-π堆积相互作用、聚合物的缠绕和包覆、生物大分子的包裹和吸附、内嵌填充修饰等改性方式的研究现状,并提出了非共价键法修饰碳纳米管未来改进的方向,探讨了不同修饰物与碳纳米管之间的相互作用机制。其中,含有共轭基团或芳基基团的聚合物,可以通过其共轭或芳基基团与碳纳米管间的π-π相互作用和范德华作用,实现对碳纳米管的非共价物理包覆。经聚合物功能化的碳纳米管在电池、催化剂、生物传感器和电化学装置上有较好的应用前景。此外,生物大分子对碳纳米管的非共价修饰不仅可以改善其在生物体系中的水溶性,而且通过合理设计还可以避免蛋白质、核酸等生物分子的非特异性吸附,从而得到具有特异性的生物分子-碳纳米管复合体系。
The application progress of non-covalent modification on the functionalization of carbon nanotubes is described. The modification of surfactants, the π-π stacking interaction of small molecules, the entanglement and coating of polymers, the encapsulation of biological macromolecules And the modification methods of adsorption and in-filling modification were introduced. In the future, the non-covalent bonding method was used to modify the orientation of CNTs. The interaction mechanism between CNTs and different modifiers was also discussed. Among them, a polymer containing a conjugated group or an aryl group can realize non-covalent coupling of the carbon nanotubes through the π-π interaction between the conjugated or aryl groups and the carbon nanotubes and van der Waals’ action Physical coating. Polymer-functionalized carbon nanotubes have good application prospects in batteries, catalysts, biosensors and electrochemical devices. In addition, non-covalent modification of carbon nanotubes by biological macromolecules can not only improve their water solubility in biological systems, but also can avoid nonspecific adsorption of biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids through rational design so as to obtain specific Biomolecule - carbon nanotube composite system.