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汽车在正面碰撞时,转向装置是一种伤害不系安全带的驾驶员的典型部件。因此,许多国家都有极为相似的技术条件,用来指导冲击试验的方法和转向装置的规格设计。由于在进行这些试验时,总要损坏一些零件,因此,提高转向装置的安全性能就需要许多试验零件和大量的人力;另一个问题就是难以在设计的早期阶段预测对试验人体模块的冲击载荷。在努力解决这些问题的过程中,我们试制并验证了可拆式钢球转向柱,以分析转向装置的工作情况和影响最大冲击载荷的因素,利用获得的结果,再根据吸能部件的特性,提出了模拟冲击试验法。这种方法考虑到垂直于转向柱轴线的作用力,也考虑到确保解决前束的需要。该法预测最大冲击载荷及其发生的时间的误差在百分之几以内,同时能定量地研究转向系的每个部件对冲击现象的作用。
When a car is in a frontal collision, the steering is a typical component of a driver who does not wear a seatbelt. Therefore, many countries have very similar technical conditions to guide the impact test methods and steering device specifications. Since some parts are always damaged during these tests, it is necessary to have many test parts and a large amount of manpower to improve the safety performance of the steering apparatus. Another problem is that it is difficult to predict the impact load on the test human body module in an early stage of the design. In an effort to solve these problems, we trial-produced and verified the removable steel ball steering column to analyze the working conditions of the steering device and the factors that affect the maximum impact load. Based on the obtained results and according to the characteristics of the energy-absorbing components, A simulated impact test method is proposed. This method takes into account the force perpendicular to the axis of the steering column, also taking into account the need to ensure that the toe is resolved. The law predicts that the maximum impact load and the time it occurs will be within a few percent of the error and that the effect of each component of the steering system on the impact phenomena can be quantitatively studied.