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通过运用野外调查法和实验室分析法对样品进行采集与处理,对玉溪市磨盘山国家森林公园的华山松土壤理化因子和土壤生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)华山松天然次生林在改善土壤紧实度和酸碱度,增加有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全钾,以及提高蔗糖酶活性、细菌数量及真菌数量方面效果优于人工林,分别高出15.12%、1.17%、34.25%、18.37%、8.74%,12.46%,122.23%、6.11%以及11.67%;而人工林在增加全磷、速效钾以及提高土壤脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性及放线菌数量方面效果优于天然次生林,分别高出77.94%、27.41%、90.36%、77.78%以及6.99%。(2)主成分分析结果显示,土壤质量含水量、全氮、碱解氮、全磷与速效钾这5个因子能较好的反映土壤理化性质,过氧化氢酶、细菌和真菌这3个因子能较好的反映土壤生物学性质。(3)华山松土壤理化因子与土壤生物学特性存在显著的相关关系,其中影响酶活性的主要因子有质量含水量、全磷、有机质、容重和pH;影响微生物的主要因子有速效钾、碱解氮、全磷、pH、容重以及全钾。因此,通过改变容易控制的土壤理化因子,可以相应地改变土壤生物学特性,从而达到改良土壤的效果。
Through the field investigation and laboratory analysis, the samples were collected and processed to study the soil physical and chemical factors and soil biological characteristics of Pinus armandi in Mopan Mountain National Forest Park of Yuxi City. The results showed that: (1) The natural secondary forest of Pinus armandi was better than the plantation in improving soil compaction and pH, increasing organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and total potassium, increasing sucrase activity, the number of bacteria and the number of fungi, Respectively, higher than that of the control group, which were 15.12%, 1.17%, 34.25%, 18.37%, 8.74%, 12.46%, 122.23%, 6.11% and 11.67% Activity and actinomycetes than the natural secondary forest, respectively, higher than 77.94%, 27.41%, 90.36%, 77.78% and 6.99% respectively. (2) The results of principal component analysis showed that soil water content, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus and available potassium were the best indicators of soil physical and chemical properties, catalase, bacteria and fungi Factors can better reflect the soil biological properties. (3) There is a significant correlation between soil physical and chemical factors and soil biological characteristics in Pinus armandii, of which the main factors influencing enzyme activity are mass water content, total phosphorus, organic matter, bulk density and pH. The main factors affecting microorganisms are available potassium, Nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH, bulk density and total potassium. Therefore, by changing the soil physical and chemical factors that can be easily controlled, the biological characteristics of the soil can be changed accordingly so as to achieve the effect of improving the soil.