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以水为溶剂,从茶籽粕中提取茶皂素,采用单因素实验考察了提取时固液比、温度、时间和pH对茶皂素提取率的影响,并进一步采用正交实验对提取条件进行了优化。同时,研究了茶皂素对底泥中重金属的去除作用。结果表明,最佳提取条件为固液比1∶10、提取温度50℃、提取时间2 h、pH 8,该条件下茶皂素提取率最高,达14.1%。当粗茶皂素溶液的质量分数为20%时,Cu、Pb、Mn、Cd和Cr的去除率达到最大值,分别为Cu 18.2%、Pb 60.5%、Mn 38.8%、Cd 72.6%、Cr 10.9%。在自然pH(6.7)条件下,茶皂素对Cd、Pb和Mn都有明显的去除作用,而对Cu和Cr的去除作用不明显。
With water as solvent, tea saponin was extracted from tea seed meal. The effects of solid-liquid ratio, temperature, time and pH on the extraction rate of tea saponin were investigated by single factor experiment. The orthogonal experiment was used to study the extraction conditions Optimized. At the same time, the effect of tea saponin on the removal of heavy metals in sediments was studied. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were solid-liquid ratio 1:10, extraction temperature 50 ℃, extraction time 2 h, pH 8, the highest extraction rate of tea saponin was 14.1%. When the mass fraction of crude tea saponin solution is 20%, the removal rates of Cu, Pb, Mn, Cd and Cr reach the maximum values of Cu 18.2%, Pb 60.5%, Mn 38.8%, Cd 72.6%, Cr 10.9% . At natural pH (6.7), tea saponin has obvious removal effect on Cd, Pb and Mn, but not on Cu and Cr removal.