目的　研究氯化汞对肾小管上皮细胞碳酸酐酶活性的影响 ,探讨组织细胞化学方法在研究汞中毒的价值。方法　用改良的 Hansson法通过电镜观察碳酸酐酶反应颗粒的改变。结果　汞中毒引起肾小管上皮细胞超微结构变化及定位于近曲小管刷状缘质膜、内吞泡膜、线粒体被膜和远曲小管上皮细胞线粒体被膜上碳酸酐酶活性下降。结论　汞中毒明显抑制肾小管上皮细胞碳酸酐酶活性 ,细胞组织化学方法为研究汞中毒提供了可行的研究方法 Objective To study the effect of mercuric chloride on the carbonic anhydrase activity of renal tubular epithelial cells and to explore the value of histocytochemistry in the study of mercury poisoning. Methods The changes of carbonic anhydrase reaction particles were observed by electron microscopy with a modified Hansson method. Results Mercury poisoning induced the ultrastructural changes of renal tubular epithelial cells and the carbonic anhydrase activity of mitochondrial membrane located in the proximal tubule brush border membrane, endocytosis, mitochondrial membrane and distal convoluted tubule epithelial cells decreased. Conclusions Mercury poisoning significantly inhibits the activity of carbonic anhydrase in renal tubular epithelial cells, and cytochemical methods provide a feasible method for studying mercury poisoning