目的通过免疫组化方法对国人脑老化过程中不同部位的形态与功能变化及beta Amyloid(Aβ)蛋白沉积变化做初步观察,以进一步探讨脑组织自然衰老的机制。方法以30例24~90岁无重要神经系统病史及神经病理改变的尸检脑标本为研究对象,以免疫组化技术观察成年以后至老龄期间人脑额叶、枕叶、海马及基底节区的胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP),S100蛋白以及beta Amyloid蛋白的情况。结果老年组脑皮质中GFAP阳性细胞数目增多,细胞体积增大,染色明显增强,较成年组有明显的区别。老年组与成年组相比,S100阳性反应较强,S100IR细胞数量增多、细胞体积增大,Aβ40以细胞间质沉积为主,老年组明显可见聚集成团的的阳性物质,以额叶和海马居多。结论人脑组织在老化过程中的星型胶质细胞数目在脑组织中增加,星形细胞的功能更加活跃,提示其在脑老化过程中具有重要作用。同时常态脑老化过程中Aβ阳性物质表达亦增强,可能与脑功能损伤有关。 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphological and functional changes of different parts of human brain during aging and the changes of deposition of beta Amyloid protein (Aβ) in order to further explore the mechanism of natural aging of brain tissue. Methods Thirty patients with no important neurological history and neuropathological changes from 24 to 90 years old were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemical technique was used to observe the changes in the brain frontal lobe, occipital lobe, hippocampus and basal ganglia from adult to aged Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100 protein, and beta Amyloid protein. Results The number of GFAP positive cells in the cerebral cortex increased, the cell volume increased, the staining increased significantly in aged group, which was significantly different from that in adult group. Compared with the adult group, the S100 positive reaction was stronger in the elderly group than in the adult group, the number of S100IR cells increased, the cell volume increased, and the Aβ40 was mainly characterized by the intercellular substance deposition. The positive group with agglomeration was obviously seen in the aged group, with frontal lobe and hippocampus Mostly. Conclusion The number of astrocytes in human brain tissue during aging is increased in brain tissue, and the function of astrocytes is more active, suggesting that it plays an important role in the process of brain aging. At the same time, the expression of Aβ-positive substance in the process of normal brain aging also increased, which may be related to the impairment of brain function.