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目的对龙泉市农村围绝经期妇女的心理健康现状进行调查研究,分析影响围绝经期妇女心理健康的相关因素,通过相关因素分析以期为有效防治围绝经期妇女心理疾病提供依据。方法选取2013年1月-2014年7月该院门诊就诊的农村围绝经期妇女200例为研究对象。采用自制围绝经妇女健康相关因素调查表及抑郁自评量表(SDS),焦虑自评量表(SAS)进行问卷调查。将调查问卷输入心理测验软件系统5.0,统计粗分和标准分。结果该市围绝经期妇女142例(71%)存在1~4种围绝经期症状,其中最常见的为潮热出汗,126例(63%),其次为关节症状及肌肉痛,112例(56%),第3为睡眠问题,90例(45%),泌尿系器官萎缩症状,如张力性尿失禁52例(26%)。200例研究对象中28例(14%)存在其他疾病,如子宫肌瘤、高血压相关疾病、糖尿病、尿路结石等。58例(29%)无明显躯体不适。6例知晓激素替代治疗,知晓率3%,120例表示如果医生建议愿意使用激素替代治疗。心理调查问卷结果显示,抑郁发生情况21例,占10.5%,其中轻度18例,占9%,中度3例,占1.5%。焦虑发生情况8例,占4%,均为轻度。同时存在抑郁及焦虑情况者5例,占2.5%。该市妇女SDS平均分值(30.19±8.15),低于国内常模(33.46±8.55);妇女SAS平均分值(26.91±7.15),低于国内常模(29.78±0.46)。结论该市围绝经期农村妇女心理普遍比较健康,其情绪障碍发生率及SDS、SAS分值低于国内常模。
Objective To investigate the status quo of mental health of perimenopausal women in rural area of Longquan City and to analyze the related factors that influence mental health of perimenopausal women and to provide basis for effective prevention and treatment of psychological diseases in perimenopausal women by analyzing relevant factors. Methods From January 2013 to July 2014, 200 outpatients from rural perimenopausal period were selected as study subjects. A self-made questionnaire about the health related factors of menopause women, self-rating depression scale (SDS) and anxiety self-rating scale (SAS) were used. The survey questionnaire input psychometric software system 5.0, statistics, and the standard score of the rough points. Results One to four perimenopausal symptoms were found in 142 cases (71%) of the perimenopausal women in this city, of which the most common were hot flashes sweating, 126 cases (63%), followed by joint symptoms and muscle pain, and 112 cases (56%), sleep disorders 3, 90 (45%), symptoms of urinary tract atrophy, such as tension incontinence in 52 (26%). Among 200 subjects, 28 (14%) had other diseases such as uterine fibroids, hypertension-related diseases, diabetes and urolithiasis. 58 cases (29%) had no significant physical discomfort. Six patients were aware of hormone replacement therapy, awareness rate of 3%, 120 patients indicated that if the doctor recommended willing to use hormone replacement therapy. Psychological survey questionnaire results show that 21 cases of depression, accounting for 10.5%, of which 18 were mild, accounting for 9%, moderate in 3 cases, accounting for 1.5%. Anxiety occurred in 8 cases, 4%, were mild. There were 5 cases of depression and anxiety, accounting for 2.5%. The mean SDS value of women in the city was 30.19 ± 8.15, which was lower than that of the norm in China (33.46 ± 8.55). The average SAS score of women was 26.91 ± 7.15, which was lower than the national norm (29.78 ± 0.46). Conclusion The perimenopausal rural women in the city generally have a relatively healthy psychology. The incidence of mood disorders, SDS and SAS scores are lower than the norm in the country.