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本文用液体闪烁计数法研究了水溶液中微量α辐射体核素(~(233)U、~(239)Pu和~(241)Am)的定量测定条件及无机酸(HNO_3、H_2SO_4和HCI)、水等化学物质的猝灭效应。确定了九种闪烁剂(TP、PPO、POPOP、二甲基—POPOP、PBD、丁基—PBD、BPO、BBO和BBOT)的适宜浓度。结果表明,化学物质的猝灭效应不仅与猝灭剂的本性有关,而且与其加入量(浓度与体积)有关。本文以硝酸溶液的猝灭效应为例,从大量实验数据中导出了一个猝灭效应的经验公式。猝灭效应不仅影响脉冲幅度的大小,当猝灭严重时,还会影响计数效率。液体闪烁法是测定α辐射体核素的灵敏、准确和迅速方便的有效方法。
In this paper, the quantitative determination conditions and inorganic acids (HNO 3, H 2 SO 4 and HCI) of trace amounts of α-radionuclides (~ (233) U, ~ (239) Pu and ~ (241) Am) Water and other chemical quenching effect. Nine suitable concentrations of scintillators (TP, PPO, POPOP, dimethyl-POPOP, PBD, butyl-PBD, BPO, BBO and BBOT) were determined. The results show that the quenching effect of the chemical is not only related to the nature of the quencher, but also to the amount added (concentration and volume). In this paper, the quenching effect of nitric acid solution is taken as an example, an empirical formula of quenching effect is derived from a large amount of experimental data. Quenching effect not only affects the size of the pulse amplitude, when the quenching is serious, but also affect the counting efficiency. Liquid scintillation method is to determine the α-radiation nuclide sensitive, accurate and rapid and effective method.