A novel route to the fabrication of hierarchical mesoporous Nd_2O_3 nanostructures including nanospheres and nanoporous network was described. Their structure and morphology evolution of the as-synthesized materials were determined by various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transforminfrared spectra, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, and a formation mechanism was proposed. The results revealed that the Nd_2O_3 nanospheres had the diameter of 300 nm, which were composed of small primary nanoparticles(NPs) with the size of 10 nm. The nanoporous structure also formed the NPs of ca. 10 nm which were connected with each other to form a three-dimensional(3D) texture. This simple and mild approach to fabricate hierarchical mesoporous Nd_2O_3 nanostructures could be easily scaled up and potentially extended to synthesize other oxide hierarchical structures. A novel route to the fabrication of hierarchical mesoporous Nd 2 O 3 nanostructures including nanospheres and nanoporous networks was described. Their structure and morphology evolution of the as-synthesized materials were determined by various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transforminfrared spectra, nitrogen adsorption / desorption isotherm, and a formation mechanism was proposed. The results revealed that the Nd_2O_3 nanospheres had the diameter of 300 nm, which were composed of The nanoporous structure also formed the NPs of ca. 10 nm which were connected with each other to form a three-dimensional (3D) texture. This simple and mild approach to fabricate hierarchical mesoporous Nd_2O_3 nanostructures could be easily scaled up and potentially extended to synthesize ot her oxide hierarchical structures.