长江流域的生态环境问题近年来变得越来越严重，其集中表现为：在人口急剧增长的情况下，土地资源过度利用和不合理的开发，使生态环境的脆弱性增强，造成生态环境的恶化，结果导致洪水威胁加剧．本文通过对长江流域生态环境问题的分析，指出目前存在的问题是上游森林的过度开发、毁林开荒、陡坡开荒造成水土流失，增加了中下游河湖的泥沙淤积；中下游地区盲目围湖造田，占用行洪洲滩，湿地生态环境遭到破坏，造成水域调蓄面积减少．最后就生态环境问题对洪涝的影响进行了评价． In recent years, the problems of ecological environment in the Yangtze River Basin have become more and more serious. The concentrated manifestation is that in the case of rapid population growth, over-utilization of land resources and unreasonable exploitation enhance the vulnerability of ecological environment and cause ecological environment As a result, the flood threat is aggravated. Based on the analysis of the eco-environmental problems in the Yangtze River Basin, the paper points out that the existing problems are over-exploitation of the upper reaches of the forest, deforestation and land reclamation, soil erosion caused by reclamation of steep slopes and increased siltation of rivers and lakes in the middle and lower reaches. Land preparation, occupy Hongxing Beach, wetland ecological environment has been destroyed, resulting in reduction of water storage area. Finally, the impact of the ecological environment on the flood was evaluated.