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野外露头的精细地质研究对于油气勘探与开发有着重要作用,利用探地雷达可直观地对露头地质结构进行高精度成像。国外已将该技术应用到露头地质研究的众多领域中,如浅层断层识别、岩溶地质研究等。陕西镇巴地区地质条件良好,风化岩石、破碎带、岩溶地貌等地质现象丰富,使用100MHz和400 MHz探地雷达对该区露头进行了试验性研究。通过对资料的精细解释,从而确定了该区表层岩性的分布情况,总结了不同岩性层的波形特征,说明了地质雷达应用于野外露头地质调查的有效性。特别是在勘查溶洞、划分岩性分界面及断裂带方面有着很好的应用潜力,对高分辨率地震野外采集有着重要的指导意义。
The fine geological study of outcrops plays an important role in oil and gas exploration and exploitation. Using GPR, the outcrop geological structure can be directly visualized with high accuracy. This technique has been applied abroad to many fields of outcrop geological research, such as shallow fault identification and karst geology research. The geological conditions in Zhenba, Shaanxi Province are good, and the geological phenomena such as weathered rocks, broken rocks and karst landforms are abundant. The outcrops of this area are studied by using 100 MHz and 400 MHz GPR. Through the careful explanation of the data, the distribution of surface lithology in the area is determined, the waveform characteristics of different lithology layers are summarized, and the effectiveness of applying GPR to field outcrop geological survey is demonstrated. In particular, it has good potential for exploration of karst caves, division of lithologic boundaries and fault zones and is of great guiding significance for field acquisition of high-resolution seismic data.