Radiotherapy is well recognised as an effective treatment modality for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and is an important component of treatment for favourable-risk, limited stage disease to optimise local control and thereby improve progression-free survival.However, long-term survivors are at risk of late radiation-induced toxicities, including the risk of second malignancy.Over time, radiotherapy techniques have evolved with the aim of lowering the incidence of radiation-induced toxicities whilst maintaining high rates of local lymphoma control.In current clinical practice,radiotherapy is delivered using smaller radiotherapy volumes, lower doses and often newer technologies.Involved node radiotherapy (INRT) represents a reduction in the size of the radiotherapy field to cover only the original sites of lymphoma.Recent studies demonstrate that INRT fields can safely replace larger, conventional radiotherapy fields in patients with limited stage HL, without detrimental effects on prognosis.Reducing the radiotherapy field size lowers the radiation exposure to organs at risk and is likely to lower the incidence of radiation-induced toxicities.However,it is difficult to quantify the risks of late toxicities due to the long latency period and the large numbers of patients required to detect the less common side effects.Therefore, reducing the radiation dose parameters of organs at risk is proposed as a surrogate end point for lowered risks of radiotherapy-induced, late toxicities.Supra-diaphragmatic INRT fields have been shown to reduce the radiation exposure to lungs, breasts, thyroid and heart, and may thereby reduce the risks of second malignancy and late toxicities in these organs.In conclusion, modem radiotherapy techniques are expected to improve the therapeutic ratio in long-term survivors of favourable-risk, limited stage HL.