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Magnetic dipole model is a kind of important method for studying magnetic leakage of ferromagnetic components with defects.In the paper,elliptic cylinder magnetic dipole model and multiple magnetized pipes model are represented.Some magnetic leakage features of common defects,such as crack,hole,pit and slot,weld line which normal to surface of components are studied by the model.It provides a method and model to process magnetic leakage signal and identify and evaluate defects and weld line for ferromagnetic components.