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@@ A biomarker is now defined as“a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated aS all indicator of normal biological processes，pathogenic processes，or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention”．In contradistinction，a clinical endpoint describes how a patient“feels，functions or survives”．In ontology research and practice，almost any objective imaging measurement Can be described as an imaging biomarker(IB)，even traditional measurements of size，or tumour-node．metastasis(TNM)status． IBs may be diagnostic／prognostic(IB reveals turnout phenotype)；predictive(IB dictates which treatment for patient)，monitoring(IB determines when to change treatment)，or response(IB implies treatmentbenefit orharm)．