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钢铁行业是国民经济重要的支柱型产业,1996年以来中国钢铁行业在产能上取得了飞速且长足的发展。但与此同时,巨大的能源消耗和较低的生产技术效率使中国钢铁工业陷入了“大而不强”的困境,这不但为国家带来能源安全和环境污染问题,且大量的二氧化碳排放为气候变化问题也造成了极大压力。本文基于工业企业微观数据,利用将能源使用和环境污染排放纳入其中的方向性距离函数模型对2001—2005年我国钢铁行业2973个企业级样本进行了能源环境效率测算,进而采用广义线性回归法对中国钢铁企业能源环境效率影响因素进行了计量回归分析。研究结果显示,2005年中国钢铁企业能源环境效率出现了一次严重倒退,钢铁企业所处地区、企业规模、企业所有制、生产产品种类、企业年龄和资本劳动比均对钢铁企业的能源环境效率有显著影响。
The steel industry is an important pillar industry in the national economy. Since 1996, China’s steel industry has achieved rapid and significant growth in production capacity. However, at the same time, huge energy consumption and low efficiency of production technology have put China’s steel industry in a “big but not strong” predicament. This not only brings about energy security and environmental pollution to the country, but also a large amount of carbon dioxide Emissions also put tremendous pressure on climate change. Based on the micro-data of industrial enterprises, the energy efficiency of 2973 enterprises in China’s iron and steel industry from 2001 to 2005 was calculated based on the directional distance function model that incorporates energy use and environmental pollution discharge. Then the generalized linear regression method The regression analysis of the influencing factors on energy environment efficiency of China’s iron and steel enterprises was conducted. The results show that in 2005, China’s iron and steel enterprises experienced a serious retrogression in energy and environmental efficiency. The steel and iron enterprises’ regions, scale of enterprises, ownership of enterprises, type of production products, business age and capital-labor ratio all have obvious energy and environmental efficiency influences.