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西方解释学批评的理论主张可以从解释学和文学批评两个角度去分析。从文学批评的眼光看,狄尔泰、海德格尔、斯松迪、伽达默尔等既是解释学大师,又从事文学理论研究即是明证。从解释学的眼光看,文学批评主要是对于作品意义的解释,并大体形成了两种不同的观点和态度。一种认为文学作品的意义是永远固定不变和唯一的,即所谓客观主义解释学态度,以施莱尔马赫为代表。另一种认为文学作品的意义只是构成物,即所谓历史主义解释学态度,以伽达默尔为代表。而P.D.却尔和张隆溪的批评实践则分别说明客观主义、历史主义解释学的“逻辑”存在性、自由开放性。
The theoretical ideas of western hermeneutics criticism can be analyzed from the perspective of hermeneutics and literary criticism. From the perspective of literary criticism, Dilthey, Heidegger, 斯迪迪, Gadamer, both as hermeneutic masters, engaged in literary theory is proof. From the perspective of hermeneutics, literary criticism mainly explains the meaning of works and forms two different views and attitudes in general. One thinks that the meaning of literary works is always immutable and unique, that is, so-called objectivist hermeneutic attitude is represented by Schleiermacher. Another view that the meaning of literary works is only the composition, the so-called historicist hermeneutic attitude, represented by Gadamer. The criticisms of P.D.zur and Zhang Longxi respectively illustrate the existence, freedom and openness of the “logic” of objectivism and hermeneutics of history.