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Activity-dependent CREB-target gene transcription is implicated in cortical dendritic development.However,the molecular mechanisms regulating CREB-target gene transcription and dendritic morphogenesis are not well understood.We here reported that the CREB coactivator TORC1 (transducer of regulated CREB 1) controls the kinetics of CREB-target gene transcription and dendritic development.TORC1 is highly expressed in the developing brain.Ca2+ influx induced persistent CREB phosphorylation,but transient CRE-target gene transcription in cultured developing cortical neurons.The kinetics of CREB-target gene transcription paralleled that of the nuclear translocation of TORC 1.Activity-dependent nuclear translocation of TORC 1 activated the transcription of CREB-target genes,including salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK 1).