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Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage kidney-disease patients.However, despite major breakthroughs in the last decades, and the progresses made with immunosuppressants, the long-term results still need to be improved.This is related to the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, de novo posttransplant malignancies, and chronic kidney disease within the allograft.The last is multifactorial and includes immunological and non-immunological factors.Amongst the latter is the calcineurin-inhibitor-CNI-(Cyclosporine A-CsA-and tacrolimus)-related nephrotoxicity.Kidney-allograft function at 1-year posttransplantation is a good surrogate marker of long-term allograft survival.