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Objectives CD36, a class B scavenger receptor expressed on macrophages mediates uptake of oxLDL and contributes to foam cell formation, a hallmark of early atherosclerosis.Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis.We investigated a role for the CD36 pathway in nicotine-induced activation of macrophages and foam cell formation in vitro and in ApoE-/-mice in vivo.