Temperate ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities tend to be diverse and dominated by rare taxa.There are however, several geographical areas remain unsampled, making it unclear if such pattern holds for the majority of temperate regions.As an attempt to broaden sampling of the temperate biome,we characterize the ECM communities associated with broadleaf forests in Himalayan temperate forests of Pakistan, a virtually unexplored habitat so far.Given the history and geography of the region, we hypothesized high fungal diversity with significant levels of endemism along with a significant degree of tree host specificity.