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This study investigated the possible involvement of matrix metalloproteinase 9 ( MMP-9) in cerebral vasospasm (CVS) of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats.The CVS model was established by injection of fresh autologous nonheparinized arterial blood into the cisterna magna.Experiment 1 aimed to investigate the timecourse of the MMP-9 expression in the basilar artery after SAH.In experiment 2,we chose the maximum time point of vasospasm( Day 3 ) and assessed the effect of SB-3CT( a selective MMP-9 inhibitor) on regulation of cerebral vasospasm.Cross-sectional area of basilar artery was measured by H&E staining and the MMP-9 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry analysis.The elevated expression of MMP-9 was detected in the basilar artery after SAH and peaked on day 3.After intracisternal administration of SB-3CT,the vasospasm was markedly attenuated after blood injection on day 3.Our results suggest that MMP-9 is increasingly expressed in a parallel time course to the development of cerebral vasospasm in a rat experimental model of SAH and administration of the specific MMP-9 inhibitor could prevent or reduce cerebral vasospasm caused by SAH.